Explore the fundamentals of Merge Sort, a stable and highly efficient divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm. This article provides a comprehensive overview, including pseudocode, in-depth algorithmic analysis with Master Theorem derivation, and fully corrected code implementations in Java and C. Learn why Merge Sort consistently delivers $O(n \log n)$ performance across all scenarios, though it requires $O(n)$ auxiliary space.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Quick Sort algorithm, a highly efficient comparison-based sorting method. It covers the core divide-and-conquer logic, analyzes its performance in best, worst, and average scenarios (ranging from $O(n \log n)$ to $O(n^2)$), and discusses critical optimization strategies like pivot selection methods (median-of-three, randomized). Complete with clear pseudocode and implementations in Java and C.